latinomuslims wrote:
Dr. K. Sidiquee is 100% correct. Trinitarian kings in Muslim Spain were supported in wars against Muslims by Muslims. There were many schools of thought back then but they were unabled to maintain unity against the common enemy.
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Dear Sir,
Since Dr Kaukab Sahab is very fond of Hisotry that malign the Companions [May Allah be pleased with everyone of them] of Mohammad [PBUH] so let me quote the same History
"QUOTE"
Between 640 – 655 Hijri Abdullah Bin Mustansir aka Mostasim Billa {Abbassaid Caliph} was the powerless ruler of Baghdad, he was also Faqih and Mohaddis {Sunni Religious Scholar} but extremely superstitious sometimes he was even afraid of ‘cats’ his Prime Minister was Moiduddin Ibn-e-Alqami Rafzi {Extremist Shia} and due to his incompetence there was Sectarian War going on in Baghdad amongst Shias and Sunnis and Hanbalites and other sects of Muslims. Shias were majority in an area called Karkh in West Baghdad and Ibn-e-Alqami used to live there. Day in day out Shia-Sunni used to fight each other in that particular neighborhood. The Caliph Mostasim sent his two sons Abu Bakar and Rukunuddin Dawadar to crush the Shia rebellion and ordered them to loot Shia houses in Karkh, which they did successfully, Mostasim’s haste step angered Ibn-e-Alqami but he preferred patience. Ibn-e-Alqami strategically and very cunningly started sending the army troops from Capital Baghdad to all over the place on the context of confronting the invading Hordes of Mongols. Around 653 Hijri Halaku Khan attacked Iraq besides conquering Isphahan, Hamdan and several Forts of Ismailis including Qila Al Amut of Hassan Bin Sabbah (Ismaili Shia) aka the Assassins or Hasheeshain. On his way to Baghdad Halaku received letters from Ibn-e-Alqami, he was encouraging Halaku Khan to annex Baghdad. Earlier Halaku was reluctant and afraid to annex Baghdad because it being a Centre of so-called Muslim Ummah but was pursued by one Khwaja Naseeruddin Toosi {another Shia} to go ahead and don’t worry about Ummah. Therefore when he reached Baghdad the Prime Minister Ibn-e-Alqami approached Halaku in the Military Camp of Mongols outside Baghdad and requested peace from Halaku for himself and returned back to Caliph Mostasim Billa and said lets go to Halaku as I {Alqami} have granted peace and government of Baghdad for you. Mostasim Billa with his Ministers, Advisers, Clerics and Qazis visited Halaku. Halaku Khan instantly put all of them to sword and very ruthlessly too, later Halaku ordered that the Caliph be covered in a carpet and the be attached to the feet of an elephant so that Mostasim be thoroughly dead and annihilated. Afterwards Ibn-e-Alqami desecrated the dead body of Mostasim saying that he got his revenge and the revenge of the blood of the followers and descendents [Ahlul Bait] of Holy Prophet Mohammad {PBUH}. Halaku and his army for 6 months after that looting, killing, burning, raping and pillaging Baghdad and in total more than 1 Million people were put to sword. That is not the end when Ibn-e-Alqami was getting out of his boots he too was put to death by the Mongol Army. {Tareekh Ibn-e-Khaldun {Volume 3 & 4 Khilafat-e-Banu Abbas}
Muslim historian Ibne-Aseer in his history [and Ahmed Hafiz in Kitabud Daula Al Khwarzimi Wal-Maghol and Muqraiazi in his Kitabul Saulook-ul-Marifa Daulul Malook have seconded Ibn-e-Aseer] had written a detailed account as to how Genghis Khan and his Mongol Army thoroughly sacked, thrashed, and butchered the so-called Muslim Ummah in 13th Century and that is not the end the mongol army invaded the Muslim Kindom of Samarkand and Bukhara which were overwhelmingly 'Muslim' having Muslim King with powerful army and finished the Kingdom of Khwarzam Shah. Genghis Khan was instigated by Khwarzam's arrogance and his violation of oath which he himself signed with Tartar King Genghis Khan. Khwarzam's governor had murdered the Mongol traders who used to trade with Central Asian Muslim State as per the Trade Treaty signed by Genghis and Khwarzam. There was another reason as well of Mongol Attacks on Muslim states and that was the ambitions of Khwarzam Shah to be a King of Baghdad as well and be called Commander of the Faithful. On hearing the ambitions of Khwarzam the Baghdad Caliph Sultan Nasiruddinullah started secret correspondence with Genghis Khan and instigated him to attack the state of Allauddin Shah Khwarzam and the rest is history.
In the 8th century (h), some of the Tatar Kings converted to Islam and some became Rawafids. Among those who became Rawafids was Ghyiathuddin Khuda Muhammad who was far harsher in treatment to Muslims than his ancestors. He allied himself with the Jews and the Crusaders against the Muslims, and during his reign the Jews assumed the highest positions in Baghdad, al-Moosel and Ibn Amr Island. In that they had all the authority to oppress the Muslims in any shape or manner. Furthermore, he (Ghyathuddin) allied himself with the Pope and Kings of England and France to fight the Muslims of Ahlul Sunnah. However when his son Abu Sa'eed Bahader Khan 716 (h) (who was following Ahlul Sunnah wal-Jamaa'a unlike his father) came to power he cut all relations with the Crusaders and removed all Jews from their positions and forced all Ahl-e-Kitaab to wear a special uniform to distinguish them from Muslims. Muslims were finally at ease; their joy did not last long due to the assasination of Abu Sa'eed by the Jews in 736 (h) may Allah bestow His mercy upon him.
In the 10th century (h), the Shiias had a state known as the Safawi State. Again, the Jews had attained the highest ranking positions and took a good advantage of it by instigating the Safawis to declare war on the Sunni Ottoman State. They arranged a treaty with the Portuguese who at the time were controlling the Arabian ( Persian ) Gulf and colonized Hormuz Island for use as a base for their fleet during the reign of Ismael the 1st, in the year 930 (h). Under the reign of his successor Tamasif, the relations between the Safawis and the Portuguese became even stronger and he went further into negotiations with Rome and Queen Elizabeth of England (962 h.) to enter into a 'defense alliance' between the Safawis and the British to declare war against the Ottomans. During his reign Ismael the 1st (995 h.) brought British experts to train his army and sought assistance of the British Fleet to conquer Bahrain, a battle that ended with the victory of the Ottomans. At the end of the Battle, the Commander of the Ottoman forces wrote to the Khalifa a report in which he said in describing the battle and the Shiia : "They are a group of hideous idiots, athiests KUZULBASH." Kuzulbash means that they wore a distinctive red turban which differentiated them from Ahlul Sunnah. The turban was made of 12 rounds in symbolism of their sect of 12 Imams. As to the red color, it was to symolise the bloody hatred they had in their chests towards the Sunnis.
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For more details:
Tareekh Ibn-e-Khaldun {Volume 3 & 4 Khilafat-e-Banu Abbas by Allama Abdul Reham Ibn-e-Khaldun.
‘Ala’ al-Din ‘Ata Malik Juvayni (A History of the World-Conqueror Ghengis Genghis Khan, rashid-ad-din-juwayni ‘Ala’ al-Din ‘Ata Malik Juvayni)
Juvaynî, Alâ al-Dîn Atâ Malik, 1226-1283. Genghis Khan: The History of the World-Conqueror [Tarîkh-I jahângushâ. English] (Seattle : UWashington Press, 1997) tr. John Andrew Boyle, ISBN: 0295976543.
A Compendium of Chronicles: Rashid al-Din's Illustrated History of the World [Jami al-Tawarikh] (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1995) The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, Vol. XXVII, ed. Sheila S. Blair, ISBN: 019727627X.
Tabib, Rashid al-Din. The Successors of Genghis Khan (New York : Columbia University Press, 1971) tr. From the Persian by John Andrew Boyle, [extracts from Jami’ Al-Tawarikh], UNESCO collection of representative works: Persian heritage series, ISBN 0231033516.
Further reading
Cable, Mildred and Francesca French. The Gobi Desert (London : Landsborough Publications, 1943).
Man, John. Gobi : Tracking the Desert (London : Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1997) hardbound; (London : Weidenfield & Nicolson, 1998) paperbound, ISBN 0753801612; (New Haven : Yale, 1999) hardbound.
Stewart, Stanley. In the Empire of Genghis Khan: A Journey among Nomads (London : Harper Collins, 2001) ISBN 0-00-653027-3.
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