Majmu' al-Fatawa by Taqī ad-Dīn Abu 'l Abbās Ahmad ibn 'Abd al-Halīm ibn 'Abd as-Salām Ibn Taymiya al-Harrānī al Kurdi
تقي الدين أبو العباس أحمد بن عبد السلام بن عبد الله ابن تيمية الحراني
Sultan Shahi wrote:
Also: in Salafism: Theory and Practice Alexander Vasilyev writes: “The doctrine (akida) of the Wahhabi school of thought (its second name – Salafism – is derived from the concept of as-Salaf-as-Salih, and refers to a group of righteous associates of the Prophet Muhammad whom the Wahhabis claim to follow) was established in the Muslim world by Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab on the basis of the writings of the fourteenth century theologian ibn Taymiya, who throughout his entire life was accused by his "professional colleagues" of anthropomorphism (tashbih) and, at the same time, of insisting on the absolute transcendence of the divine person. In the conception of ibn Taymiya and ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, God appears in relation to the world and his own creations as an indifferent being, an outside observer who lacks any personal presence not only in man (the “spark of God”, or fitra, emphasized by the followers of Muslim mysticism), but also in the world of creatures.”
Salafism: Theory and Practice - A comprehensive look
Movladi Udugov
http://www.newageislam.com/ArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=985
===========================================================
Translation of Al-'Aqidah Al-Wasitiyah by Ibn Taymiyyah
The Saved Group ( al-firqah an-najiyah ), The people of the Sunnah and the Community believe these things, as they believe what Allah revealed in His Precious Book (i.e., the Qur'an ); (They believe) without distorting or denying and without asking how ( takyif ) or shaping ( tamthil ); Rather, they comprise the center of the groups of the Ummah (the Muslim nation), as the Ummah comprises the center of all nations. With regard to the Attributes of Allah, The Glorified, The Exalted, they comprise the center between the denying Jahmiyah and the people who shape and create likenesses (ahl at-tamthil almushabbihah); And they comprise the center between the Qadariyah and the Jabriyah with regard to [the acts of Allah the Exalted], and between the Murji'a h and the Wa'idiyah of the Qadariyah and others without regard to [Allah's threat], and between the Haruriyah and the Mu'tazilah and between the Murji'ah and the Jahmiyah with regard to [the names of faith and religion], and between the Rawafid and the Khawarij with regard to the (Prophet's Companions).
In the name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful The praise belongs to Allah Who sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth (i.e., Islam) making it incumbent on all religions.
Allah is the best of witnesses , and I testify that there is no god but Allah alone and that He has no partner ; I admit and believe in the oneness of Allah. And I testify that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger ; May Allah greatly bless him, his family, and his companions.
This is the belief of the saved group , the victorious ones to the Day of Judgment, the people of the Sunnah and the Jama'ah (i.e., The belief in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the resurrection after death, the belief in Divine Decree ( qadar ), be it good or bad) .
Part of the belief in Allah is the belief in how He has described Himself in His Book (the Qur'an) and in how His Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him) has described Him. Believe without distorting or denying and without questioning or shaping; Rather, believe in Allah, The Exalted:
"There is none like Him; He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer." (ash-Shura 42/11)
Do not deny Him the way He has described Himself; Do not change words from their context; Do not disbelieve the names of Allah and His Signs; Do not exemplify His Attributes with the attributes of His creatures because Allah, The Exalted, has no likeness: There is none comparable to Him;
There is none equal to Him; The Exalted, the Supreme, is not measured by His creatures; Indeed, He best knows Himself and others; He is All-Truthful; and His Speech prevails over the speech of His creatures.
Moreover, His messengers are truthful and thus speak the truth. This is opposite to those who speak about Him what they themselves know not. About this, The Exalted, The Supreme has said:
"Glorified be your lord, the Lord of Majesty, from that which (the unbelievers) attribute (unto Him). And peace be upon the messengers. And praise be to Allah the Lord the Universe." ( as Saffat 37/180-182 ).
He glorified Himself with what the opponents of the messengers said of Him; And He greeted the messengers because what they said was free from defect.
He (the Glory is His) combined what He described Himself as between negation and affirmation . Consequently, the people of the Sunnah and Jama'ah must not deviate from what the messengers brought forth; verily, it is the right path, the path of those upon whom Allah bestowed His grace, he path of the prophets, saints, martyrs, and righteous people.
Allah's Names and Attributes in the Qur'an
Chapter One
The following is included in this idea of how Allah describes Himself in Surat al-Ikhlas , (chapter 112) which equals a third of the Qur'an , where He says:
"Say He is Allah The One, Allah The Eternal. He never begot, nor was begotten. There is none comparable to Him." And He described Himself in the greatest Ayah (verse) in His Book (i.e., Ayat al-Kursi ): "Allah, there is no god save Him, The Living, The Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtake Him. Unto Him belongs whatsoever is in the heavens and the earth. Who is he who intercedes with Him except by His permission? He knows that which is before them and that which is behind them, while they encompass nothing of His Knowledge except what He wills. His seat ( kursi ) contains the heavens and the earth, and He is never weary of preserving them. He is The Sublime, The Great." (al-Baqarah 2/255 )
Therefore, Allah protects whoever reads this Ayah at night and no devil can get close to him until morning. Allah has also said:
"Depend on The Living One, He Who will never die." (al-Furqan 25/58) .
And He, the Glorified, has said:
"He is The First ( al-Awwal ) and The Last ( al-Akhir ), The Outward ( as-Zahir ) and The Inward (al-Batin ) ; He is The Knower of All Things." (al-Hadid 57/3)
Knowledge:
"He knows that which goes down into the earth and that which comes out from it, and that which descends from the heavens and that which ascends into it. He is The Merciful, The Forgiving." (Saba' 34/2)
"With Him are the keys of the unknown (mafatih al-ghaib) , none but He knows them.
He knows what is in the land and the sea; not a leaf falls but He knows it; not a grain amid the darkness of the earth, naught of wet or dry but (it is recorded) in a clear record." (al-An'am 6/59)
He has said:
"No female conceives or gives birth except with His Knowledge." (Fatir 35/11)
And He has said:
"That you may know that Allah is able to do all things, and that Allah knows all things." (at-Talaq 65/12)
Might:
And He has said:
"Indeed, Allah is the One Who gives livelihood, The Lord of Unbreakable Might." (adh-Dhariyaat 51/58)
Hearing, Seeing:
And He has said:
"Nothing is like Him; and He is The Hearer, The Seer." (ash-Shura 42/11 )
And He has said:
"Lo! Comely is this which Allah admonishes you to be. Lo! Allah is ever Hearer, Seer." (an-Nissa' 4/58)
Will:
And He has said:
"If only, when you entered your garden, you had said: That which Allah wills is; There is no strength save in Allah." (al-Kahf 18/39)
And He has said:
"If Allah had so willed it, those who followed after them would not have fought one with the other after clear proofs had come unto them. But they differed, some of them believing and some disbelieving. And if Allah had so willed it, they would not have fought one with the other; But Allah does what He wills." (al-Baqarah 2/253)
And He has said:
"The beast of cattle is made lawful unto you [for food], except that which is announced unto you [herein], hunting being unlawful when you are on pilgrimage; Indeed, Allah ordains that which He wills." (al-Ma'idah 5/1)
And He has said:
"Of whomsoever it is Allah's will to guide, his heart He expands into Islam; And of whomsoever it is His will to send astray, his heart He made closed and narrow as if he were engaged in sheer ascent." (al-An'am 6/125)
Love:
He has said:
"And do good; Indeed, Allah loves those who do good." (al-Baqarah 2/195)
And He has said:
"Act equitably; Indeed, Allah loves the equitable." (al-Hujurat 49/9)
And He has said:
"So long as they are true to you, be true to them; Indeed, Allah loves those who keep their duty." (at- Tawbah 9/7)
And He has said:
"Truly, Allah loves those who repent, and loves those who care for cleanliness." (al-Baqarah 2/222)
And He has said:
"Say, [O Muhammad, to mankind]: If you love Allah, follow me; Allah will love you." (Al'Imran 3/31)
And He has said:
"Allah will redeem a people whom He loves, and who love Him." (al-Ma'idah 5/54)
And He has said:
"Indeed, Allah loves those who fight in ranks for His cause, as if they were a solid structure." (as-Saff 61/4)
And He has said:
"He is The Forgiving, The Loving." (al-Buruj 85/14)
Mercy:
And His saying:
"In the name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful."
He has said:
"Our Lord! You comprehended all things in mercy and Knowledge." (al-Mu'min 40/7)
And He has said:
"He is Merciful to the believers." (al-Ahzab 33/43)
And He has said:
"My Mercy has embraced all things." (al-A'raf 7/156)
And He has said:
"Your Lord has prescribed for Himself Mercy." (al-An'am 6/54)
And He has said:
"He is The Forgiving, The Merciful." (Yunus 10/107)
And He has said:
"Allah is better [than any one] at guarding, and He is The Most Merciful of those who show mercy."(Yusuf 12/64)
Pleasure and Anger:
He has said:
"Allah takes pleasure in them and they in Him." (al-Ma'idah 5/119)
And He has said:
"Whoever slays a believer intentionally, his reward is Hell for ever. Allah's wrath is against him and He has cursed him." (an-Nissa' 4/93)
And He has said:
"That will come to be because they followed that which angered Allah, and shunned that which pleases Him." (Muhammad 47/28)
And He has said:
"When they angered Us, We punished them." (az-Zakhruf 43/55)
And He has said:
"But Allah was adverse to their being sent forth and held them back." (at-Tawbah 9/46)
And He has said:
"It is most hateful in the Sight of Allah that you say that which you do not." (as- Saff 61/3)
Coming:
He has said:
"Will they wait until Allah comes to them in canopies of clouds, with the angels? Then the case will have been already judged." (al-Baqarah 2/210)
And He has said:
"Are they waiting to see if the angels come to them? Or your Lord [Himself]? Or some of the Signs of your Lord? That Day Signs of your Lord will come." (al-An'am 6/158)
And He has said:
"Nay! When the earth is pounded to powder, then your Lord will come and the angels will come
rank upon rank." (al-Fajr 89/21-22)
And He has said:
"A day will come when the heaven and the clouds will be rent asunder and the angels will be sent down in a grand descent." (al-Furqan 25/25)
Face and Hand:
He has said:
"Only the Face of your Lord of Might and Glory will remain." (ar-Rahman 55/27)
And He has said:
"Everything will perish save His Face." (al-Qasas 28/88)
And He has said:
"What kept you (Iblis) from falling prostrate before that which I have created with My Hands."(Sad 38/75)
And He has said:
"The Jews said: Allah's Hand is tied.' May their hands be tied and may they be accursed for the [blasphemy] they utter. Rather, both His Hands are widely outstretched; He gives and spends as He pleases." (al-Ma'idah 5/64)
Eyes:
He has said:
"Wait patiently for the Command of your Lord, [O Muhammad], for verily you are in Our Eyes." (at-Tur 52/48)
And He has said:
"We carried him [Nuh] on an [ark] made of planks and nails; It floats under Our Eyes, as a reward for him who was rejected." (al-Qamar 54/13-14)
And He said:
"I have maintained you [Musa] with My Love that you might be reared under My Eye." (Ta Ha 20/39)
Hearing:
He has said:
"Allah has indeed heard her who argued with you [O Muhammad] concerning her husband, and who complained unto Allah; Allah hears the argument between both of you; Indeed, Allah is Hearer,Seer." (al-Mujadalah 58/1)
And He has said:
"Verily, Allah heard the saying of those [the Jews] who said: Allah is poor and we are rich." (Al'Imran 3/181)
And He has said:
"Do they think that We do not hear their secrets and their private counsels? Indeed [We do], and Our Messengers are by them to record all." (az-Zakhruf 43/80)
Seeing and Hearing:
He has said:
"Indeed, I will be with you [Musa and Harun], Hearing and Seeing." (Ta Ha 20/46)
And He has said:
"Is he then unaware that Allah sees?" (al-'Alaq 96/14)
And He has said:
"Who Sees you when you stand up [to pray]? And [sees] your movements among those who fall prostrate [in worship]? Indeed, He, and only He, is The Hearer, The Knower." (ash-Shu'ara' 26/218-220)
And He has said:
"Say [unto them]: Act! Allah will see your actions, and [so will] His Messenger and the Believers." (at-Tawbah 9/105)
Power of Planning: He has said:
"He is, in His Power, Supreme." (ar-Ra'd 13/13)
And He has said:
"They [the unbelievers] plotted and planned, and Allah planned too; Allah is The Best of Planners." (Al-'Imran 3/54)
And He has said:
"So they devised a plot: and We devised a plot while they perceived not." (an-Naml 27/50)
And He has said:
"Indeed, they devise a plot [against you O Muhammad] and I devise a plot [against them]." (at-Tariq 86/15-16)
Forgiveness:
He has said:
"If you do good openly or conceal it, or if you forgive evil, indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Powerful." (an-Nissa' 4/149)
And He has said:
"Let them forgive and disregard [the transgressions of others]. Do you not wish that Allah forgive you? Allah is Forgiving, Merciful." (an-Nur 24/22)
Might:
He has said:
"And the might belongs to Allah and to His Messenger." (al-Munafiqun 63/8)
And He has said about Iblis (the Satan):
"[ Iblis ] said: Then by Your might, I will lead all of them astray'." (Sad 38/82)
And He has said:
"Blessed be the Name of your Lord, Full of Majesty, and Honor." (ar-Rahman 55/78)
Oneness:
He has said:
"Therefore, worship you Him and be you steadfast in His Service; Do you know of anyone who can be named along with Him?" (Maryam 19/65)
And He has said:
"There is none comparable to Him." (al-Ikhlas 112/4)
And He has said:
"Do not set up rivals to Allah when you know [The Truth]." (al-Baqarah 2/22)
And he has said:
"Yet there are some people who take (idols as] rivals to Allah, loving them with a love like (that which is the due) of Allah (only), but those who believe overflow in their love of Allah." (al-Baqarah 2/165)
And He has said:
"Say: Praise be to Allah, Who begets no son, Who has no partner in [His] dominion and Who [needs] none to protect Him from humiliation;' And Magnify Him with all magnificence." (al-Isra'17/111)
And He has said:
"All that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth glorifies Allah; To Him belongs Dominion; To Him belongs Praise; He is Able to do all things." (at-Taghabun 64/1)
And He has said:
"Blessed is He Who sent down the Criterion [ al-Furqan ] to His Servant [Muhammad], that He may warn all creatures. He to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, no son has He begotten; Nor has He any partner in His Dominion. It is He Who created all things and ordered them in due proportions." (al-Furqan 25/1-2)
And He has said:
"Allah did not beget a son; Nor is there any god along with Him; Otherwise each god would have taken away what he had created and some of them would have lorded over others. May Allah, Be Glorified above all that they allege. He knows what is hidden and what is exposed. May He Be Exalted over all that they ascribe as partners [to Him]." (al-Mu'minun 23/91-92)
And He has said:
"Do not invent similitudes for Allah; Indeed, Allah knows and you know not." (an-Nahl 16/74)
And He has said:
"Say: My Lord forbids only indecencies whether open or secret, sin and wrongful oppression. You're associating with Allah that for which no Revelation has been given, and you're saying things about Allah of which you have no knowledge." (al-A'raf 7/33)
Settling on the Throne:
(Al-Istiwa' A'la Al-'Arsh)
He has said:
"The Beneficent One, Who is Settled on the Throne (al-Arsh)." and "Then He Mounted the Throne." Allah repeated this theme six times in the Qur'an.
He has said:
"Verily! Your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six days; Then He Mounted the Throne." (al-A'raf 7/54)
And He has said:
"Verily! Your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the earth in six days; Then He Established Himself on the Throne." (Yunus 10/3)
And He has said:
"Allah is He Who raised the heavens without any pillars that you can see; Then He Mounted the Throne." (ar-Ra'd 13/2)
And He has said:
"The Beneficent One, Who is Established on the Throne." (Ta Ha 20/5)
And He has said:
"Then He Mounted the Throne, The Beneficent One." (al-Furqan 25/59)
And He has said:
"Allah created the heavens, the earth and all that is between them in six days; Then He Mounted the Throne." (as-Sajdah 32/4)
And He said:
"He it is Who created the heavens and earth in six days; Then He Mounted the Throne." (al-Hadid 57/4
Highness:
And He has said:
"Behold! Allah has said; 'Oh Jesus! I am taking you and raising you up to Me." (Al'Imran 3/55)
And He has said:
"Rather, Allah raised him up to Him." (An-Nissa' 4/158)
And He has said:
"To Him good words ascend, and He elevates the pious deed." (Fatir 35/10)
And He has said:
"O Haman! Build me a tower, that I may reach the roads, - the roads of heavens, and that I may climb up to the God of Moses, though verily I think he [Moses] is a liar." (Ghafir 40/36-37)
And He has said:
"Do you feel secure that He Who is in Heaven will not cause you to be swallowed up by the earth when it shakes? Or do you feel secure that He Who is in Heaven will not send against you a wind casting down pebbles from the sky? That is that you may know the manner of My Warning." (al-Mulk 67/16-17)
And He has said:
"He created the heavens and the earth in six days; Then He Mounted the Throne. He knows all that enters the earth and all that emerges there from and all that comes down from the sky and all that ascends therein; He is with you wherever you may be. And Allah is Seer of what you do." (al-Hadid 57/4
Omnipresence:
And He has said:
"There is no secret conference of three but He is their fourth, nor of five but He is their sixth, nor of less or more but He is with them wherever they be: And afterward, on the Day of Resurrection, He will inform them of what they did. Indeed, Allah is Knower of All Things." (al-Mujadalah 58/7) And He has said addressing Abu Bakr in the cave during the Hijrah : "Grieve not. Indeed, Allah is with us." (at-Tawbah 9/40)
And He has said:
"Indeed, I will be with you, Hearing and Seeing." (Ta Ha 20/46)
And He has said:
"Indeed, Allah is with those who protect themselves and with those who do good." (an-Nahl 16/128)
And He has said:
"Be patient and persevering, for Allah is with those who patiently persevere. 15 (al-Anfal 8/46)
And He has said:
"How often a small company overcame a big one by Allah's Help! Allah is with those who steadfastly persevere." (al-Baqarah 2/249)
Speech:
He has said:
"Whose words ( Hadith ) can be truer than Allah's?" (an-Nissa' 4/87)
And He has said:
"Whose utterance ( Qil ) can be truer than Allah's?" (an-Nissa' 4/122)
And He has said:
"When Allah said ( qala ): O Jesus, son of Mary" (al-Ma'idah 5/116)
And He has said:
"Perfected is the Word ( kalimatu ) of your Lord in Truth and Justice." (al-An'am 6/115)
And He has said:
"To Moses Allah spoke ( kallama ) directly." (an-Nissa' 4/164)
And He has said:
"And of whom ( messengers ) there are some unto whom Allah spoke ( kallama )." (al-Baqarah 2/253)
And He has said:
"When Moses came to Our appointed place, and his Lord spoke ( kallama ) unto him." (al-A'raf 7/143)
And He has said addressing Musa :
"We called him ( nadainahu ) from the right side of [Mount] at-Tur and made him draw near to Us for communion." (Maryam 19/52)
And He has said:
" When your Lord called ( nada ) Moses: Go unto the wrong-doing folk'." (ash-Shu'ara' 26/10)
And He has said:
"And their Lord called both of them (nadahuma) [Adam and Hawwa']: Did not forbid you That Tree, and tell you ( wa-aqul ): Lo! Satan is an open enemy to you?" (al-A'raf 7/22)
And He said:
"On The Day He will call unto them ( yunadihim ) and say: Where are My partners who you fabricated?" (al-Qasas 28/62)
And He has said:
"On The Day He will call unto them ( yunadihim ) and say: What answer gave you to the
messengers?" (al-Qasas 28/65)
And He has said:
"If anyone of the pagans seeks your protection, grant it to him so that he may hear the Words ( kalam) of Allah." (at-Tawbah 9/6)
And He has said;
"A party of them used to listen to the Words ( kalam ) of Allah, then used to distort it knowingly after they understood it." (al-Baqarah 2/75)
And He has said :
"They wish to change God's Words ( kalam ); Say: You shall not follow us.' Thus Allah said ( qala ) before hand." (al-Fath 48/15)
And He has said:
"Recite what has been revealed to you of the Book of your Lord; None can change His Words (kalimatihi )." (al-Kahf 18/27)
And He has said:
"Verily this Qur'an narrates ( yaqussu ) unto the Children of Israel most of the matters which they dispute." (an-Naml 27/76)
And He has said:
"This is a Blessed Book ( kitabun mubarakun ) which We have sent down." (al-An'am 6/92)
And He has said:
"Had We send down this Qur'an on to a mountain, verily you would have seen it humbled and rent asunder for fear of Allah." (al-Hashr 59/21)
And He has said:
"When We substitute one Verse ( Ayah ) for another and Allah knows best what He reveals-they say: You are but a fabricator; But most of them know not. Say: The Trustworthy Spirit (i.e., Gabriel) has brought it ( The Qur'an ) from your Lord in Truth, in order to strengthen those who believe, and as Guidance and Good Tidings for Muslims. We know well that they say: It is a man who teaches him; The language of him they falsely point to is notably foreign, while this is Arabic, pure and clear." (an-Nahl 16/101-103)
Looking at Allah:
He has said:
"Some faces, That Day, will beam (in brightness and beauty), looking toward their Lord." (al-Qiyamah 75/22-2 3)
And He has said:
"(Relaxing) on couches looking (at their Lord)." (al-Mutaffifin 83/35 )
And He has said:
"For those who do good, is the best ( reward given ) and more* (thereto). (Yunus 10/26)
And He has said:
"There they have all they desire; And there is still more with Us." (Qaf 50/35)
And the Qur'an is full of Verses which deal with this topic; Whoever studies the Qur'an carefully searching for guidance from it, the truthful path will be clear to him.
Allah's Names and Attributes in the Sunnah
Chapter Two
The Sunnah 16 of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) interprets the Qur'an and clarifies it, and leads to it, and expresses its meaning. We must accept and believe in the sound Ahadith in which the Messenger (peace be upon him) described his Lord, The Almighty, The Exalted, 17 such as the hadith :
"Our Lord descends during the last third of each night to the lower heaven, and says: 'Is there anyone who calls on Me that I may respond to him? Is there anyone who asks Me that I may give unto him? Is there anyone who requests My Forgiveness that I may forgive him?"' (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the hadith :
"Indeed, Allah is happier with the repentance of his 'abd (worshipper) than any one of you is with finding his lost riding camel." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the hadith :
"Allah laughs about two men who kill each other but both enter paradise ." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the hadith :
"Allah marvels about the despair of His creatures ('ibad), while the changing of their situation from bad to good is very near, He looks at you, and you are very desperate, so He keeps laughing, because He knows that your relief is very close." (Its isnad is good; reported by AhmadIbn Hanbal and others)
And the hadith :
"(On the Day of Judgment) when a group of unbelievers is thrown into Hell, Hell asks for more until the Lord Almighty puts His foot into it; then it folds up saying: Enough, enough'." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the hadith :
"Allah The Exalted, says: 'Adam!' And Adam answers: 'Here I am, at Your service!' Then a voice calls: 'Verily! Allah orders you to send a delegate from your offspring to Hell'." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the hadith :
"Allah will talk to each person directly without a mediator between them." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him) on curing the ill:
"Our Lord Allah Who is in heaven, may Your name be sanctified, Your law is in heaven and on earth; As Your Mercy is in heaven so make Your Mercy on earth. Forgive our faults and our sins. You are the Lord of the good people, bestow some of Your Mercy, and some of Your Cure on this pain that the sick may be cured." (This hadith has good isnad, reported by Abu Dawud and others)
And the hadith :
"Do you not trust me, while I have the trust of Him Who is in Heaven?" (Sound hadith; reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the hadith :
"The Throne is above the water, and Allah is on the Throne; He knows what you are up to." (Good hadith, reported by Abu Dawud and others.)
And the saying of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to the maid:
"Where is Allah?" And she answering: "In heaven." And he saying: "Who am I?" And she saying: "You are the Messenger of Allah." And he saying "Free her; She is a believer." (Muslim)
And the hadith :
"When any one of you stands up for prayer, you must not spit in front of you nor to your right, because Allah is in front to you; But you may spit to your left, or under your foot." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the hadith :
"My Lord! The Lord of the Seven Heavens, and The Lord of the great Throne, our Lord and The Lord of all, The Creator of plants and trees, The Revealer of the Tawrah (Old Testament), the Injil (New Testament) and the Qur'an: I seek refuge in You from the evil of myself and from the evil of all creatures; You are The First; Nothing is before You. You are The Last; Nothing is after You. You are the Outward; Nothing is over You. You are the Inward; Nothing is inside of You. Help me to pay my debt and keep poverty from me." (Muslim)
And the saying (of the Prophet, peace be upon him), when his companions raised up their voices in invocation ( Dhikr ):
"O people, restrain yourselves. Indeed, you are not calling One Who is deaf or absent; Rather, you are calling a Hearer, One very close by; The One Who you are calling is closer to each one of you, closer even than the neck of your riding animal." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And the saying (of the Prophet, peace be upon him):
You will see your Lord as you see the full moon; Nothing will impair your view of Him; And if you are able to keep the dawn prayers and the mid afternoon prayers, do it." (Agreed upon it by al-Bukhari and Muslim)
And many more of these ahadith in which the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) relates of his Lord whatever he relates.
Allah is Above Everything
What we mentioned of belief in Allah included belief in what Allah has revealed in His Book ( the Qur'an ), and what has been continuously reported from His Messenger (peace be upon him), and what the early generation of the Ummah unanimously agreed upon: That Allah, The Glorified, is above His heavens on His Throne, exalted above His creatures, and that He, The Glorified, is with them wherever they be and knows whatever they do. He summed it up in His saying:
"He is the One Who created the heavens and the earth in six days; Then He Settled on the Throne. He knows what goes into the earth and what comes out of it and what descends from heavens and what ascends into it; He is with you wherever you are; Allah sees all what you do." (al-Hadid 57/4)
His saying "He is with you" does not mean that He is commingled with the creatures: The language does not indicate this and it is against what the early generation of the Ummah agreed upon, and contrary to Allah's creation of all things; For example, the moon is one of Allah's Signs to be found amongst the smallest of his creatures; It is placed in the skies where it is at the same time with both the traveler and the non-traveller, wherever they are; and He, The Glorified, is on the Throne, watching over His creatures, ruling over them; This is, as well as other Signs of His Lordship. All that Allah The Glorified mentioned-that He is on the Throne ( al-'Arsh ) and that He is with ustrue in itself does not warrant distortion but should be protected from false conjectures, such as thinking that the apparent meaning of His saying "In Heavens" means that heavens contain Him. This is invalid according to the consensus of all the people of knowledge and faith.
"Indeed, His Seat ( Kursi ) encompasses heavens and earth, and it is He Who holds heavens and earth so they do not perish and He Who holds heaven so that it not fall on earth except by His Permission. "It is among His Signs that heaven and earth stand fast by His Order." (ar-Rum 30/25)
The Closeness of Allah to His 'Ibad
Included in this is the belief that He is very close to His creatures, responding, as He has summed it up in His saying:
"If My 'ibad ( worshipers ) ask you about Me; (say that) I am very close, answering the caller when he calls on Me." (al-Baqarah 2/186)
And the Prophet (peace be upon him) said to his Companions when they raised their voices in
invocation of Allah:
"O people! Restrain yourselves. Verily, you are not calling One Who is deaf or absent, the One you call is nearer to each of you than is the neck of your riding animal." What has been revealed in the Book (i.e.,the Qur'an) and in the Sunnah - of His Closeness and His Concomitance - does not contradict what has been told of His Exaltation and Highness. Indeed, Glory be to Him, there is none like Him in all His Attributes, and He is High in His Nearness and Near in His Highness.
End of quote Translation of Al-'Aqidah Al-Wasitiyah by Ibn Taymiyyah
No comments:
Post a Comment